How are oranges grown and harvested?

Oranges are a highly sought-after fruit worldwide due to their sweet and tangy taste and vibrant, eye-catching color. However, not many people know the intricate details of how these delicious fruits are grown and harvested. In this article, we will take a comprehensive look at the various stages of orange production, starting from planting, through growing, to harvesting and packaging.

Planting

Planting is the first step in the orange production process. Although seeds can be directly planted in the soil, the most common method is growing seedlings first. Seedlings refer to small, immature plants that have been started from seeds and kept growing for a few months under controlled conditions.

The first step in growing orange seedlings is to select high-quality seeds. Growers typically select seeds from healthy, productive trees that are known to produce tasty fruit. Once the seeds are selected, they are planted in small pots or containers filled with nutrient-rich soil, and over the next few weeks, the seedlings grow and require careful attention that includes regular watering, pruning, and fertilization. Once the seedlings have attained a particular size, they are transplanted into larger containers to allow for continued growth.

Growing

Growing oranges involves several key stages that last several years.

Budding and Grafting

The first step in growing sweet oranges is to choose a variety of rootstock – the sturdy, strong base on which the rest of the tree will grow – that is hearty enough to survive in different conditions, including pests and extreme weather. Once the rootstock has been selected, the next step is to select a variety of scion wood. This wood comes from a tree that has already been determined to produce high-quality fruit.

The scion wood is cut into small pieces and attached to the rootstock through a process called budding and grafting. Budding and grafting involve making a small incision in the bark of the rootstock and inserting a small piece of the scion wood. Grafting involves cutting the scion wood and attaching it to the rootstock using tape or a similar material. Both methods allow the scion wood to grow and merge with the rootstock, resulting in a single, healthy tree.

Pruning

Pruning is a critical aspect of ensuring that the tree remains healthy and productive. Pruning selectively removes branches and leaves to allow for optimal growth. This task is carried out to accomplish different goals, including removing damaged or diseased growth, improving air circulation around the tree, and increasing the amount of sunlight that reaches the fruit. It requires careful attention and precision to ensure that the tree remains balanced and productive.

Fertilization

Oranges require several nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, to produce high-quality fruit. Growers use fertilizers, which they can apply by hand or with the use of an irrigation system, to supplement the soil with the necessary nutrients. The type and amount of fertilizer used depend on various factors, including the age of the tree, the type of soil, and the climate in which it’s grown.

Harvesting

Harvesting oranges is a process that involves several steps.

Timing

The first step in harvesting oranges is determining when they are ready. Growers can use different methods to determine this, such as checking the color, size, and firmness of the fruit. Oranges are usually harvested when they are fully mature but still firm to the touch. Allowing them to overripen on the tree can result in soft, less flavorful fruit.

Picking

Workers pick the oranges by hand once they are ready. This task requires skill and care to prevent damage or bruising of the fruit. Workers often use ladders or long poles to reach the fruit on higher branches, gently picking each orange and placing it in a basket or crate. The fruit is then taken to a nearby processing facility for cleaning and packaging.

Cleaning and Packaging

Cleaning and packaging involve several steps, including washing, sorting, and packing.

Washing

The first step in cleaning oranges is washing them thoroughly to remove any dirt or debris present. This is typically done using a combination of water and a mild detergent or antibacterial solution.

Sorting

After washing, the fruit is sorted based on size, quality, and ripeness. Workers carefully examine each piece of fruit to ensure it meets the appropriate standards.

Packing

Once sorted, the oranges are packed into crates or containers for distribution to stores and other outlets. Workers typically place each fruit carefully in the appropriate container and ensure that it is properly secured for transport.

Conclusion

Growing and harvesting oranges is a demanding process that requires skill and attention. From planting and growing to harvesting and packaging, there are several critical stages involved in producing high-quality fruit. However, orange growers worldwide continue to produce some of the most beloved and delicious fruit. The next time you bite into a juicy, sweet orange, remember to appreciate the hard work and dedication that went into producing it.